Short Notes on cryopreservation|Biotechnify|BTF

 Short notes on cryopreservation|Biotechnify|BTF

What is cryopreservation?

Cryo-preservation or cryo-conservation is a process of cooling and storing cells, tissues, or organs at very low temperatures to maintain their viability. For example, the technology of cooling and storing cells at a temperature below the freezing point ('196' C) permits high rates of survivability of the cells uponthawing. where organelles, cells, tissues, extracellular matrix, organs, or any other biological constructs susceptible to damage caused by unregulated chemical kinetics are preserved by cooling to very low temperatures^[1] (typically −80 °C using solid carbon dioxide or −196 °C using liquid nitrogen). At low enough temperatures, any enzymatic or chemical activity which might cause damage to the biological material in question is effectively stopped.

Explain :-

 Cryopreservation technique is used to freeze and thaw the eggs that can be used in IVF. Highest Success Rate. Cost Effective Fertility. Services: IUI, ICSI, IVF, Infertility Workup, Laser Assisted Hatching, Cryopreservation.

Cryopreservation is the method of keeping the live cells, tissues and other biological samples in a deep freeze at subzero temperatures for the storage or preservation. The sample is commonly kept at −196°C.

At such low temperatures, all the biological activities of the cells stop and the cell dies. Cryopreservation helps the cells to survive freezing and thawing.

Cryopreservation is also used to freeze and store human embryos and sperm. It is especially valuable for the freezing of extra embryos that are generated by in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Cryopreservation Process/procedure

In this process, biological materials including cells, oocytes, spermatozoa, tissues, ovarian tissues, pre-implantation embryos, organs, etc. are kept in extremely cold temperatures without affecting the cell’s viability.

Dry Ice and liquid nitrogen are generally used in this method.

Cryopreservation is the use of very low temperatures to preserve structurally intact living cells and tissues for a long period of time.

Depending on the cell types or given cells among different mammalian species, there is great diversity in cryobiological response and cryosurvival during the freezing and thawing cycle .

Cryopreservation processes can generally be grouped into the following types: (1)slow freezing; (2) vitrification, which involves the solidification of the aqueous milieu of the cell or tissue into a noncrystalline glassy phase; (3) subzero nonfreezing storage; and (4) preservation in the dry state.

Generally, the storage of mammalian cells in the dry state is not readily possible because of difficulties in introducing the disaccharide trehalose (disaccharide of glucose, 342 Da)and amino acids (used as preservatives in plants) into the intracellular region.

The major steps in cryopreservation are (1): the mixing of CPAs with cells or tissues before cooling; (2) cooling of the cells or tissues to a low temperature and its storage; warming of the cells or tissues; and removal of CPAs from the cells or tissues after thawing.

The appropriate use of CPAs is therefore important to improve the viability of the sample to be cryopreserved.

Cryopreservation is based on the ability of certain small molecules to enter cells and prevent dehydration and formation of intracellular ice crystals, which can cause cell death and destruction of cell organelles during the freezing process. 

Concept :

Cryopreservation of Sperm

The semen sample is mixed with a solution, which provides protection during freezing and thawing. Followed by transfer to plastic vials, which are then kept in liquid nitrogen for freezing.

Cryopreservation of Embryos

During the infertility treatment, hormones are used to stimulate the development of eggs. The eggs are then taken out and fertilized in the lab. More embryos can be created and transplanted to the woman’s uterus. These embryos can be cryopreserved and can be used at some later date. By this, the female can get an additional transfer of embryo in future, without spending on another IVF cycle.

What is the temperature of cryopreservation?

Cryopreservation may be defined as the maintenance of biologics at sub-freezing temperatures, below −80°C and typically below −140°C.

Why is liquid nitrogen used in cryopreservation?

The use of liquid nitrogen is an effective long-term method for storing viable samples while maximizing energy efficiency and providing an environmentally friendly approach to cryopreservation. This innovative freezing method ensures that cells remain viable, and indefinite storage is possible.

Applications of Cryopreservation

Cryopreservation or basically we can say conservation meghod is a long-term storage technique, which is mainly used for preserving and maintaining viability of the biological samples for a longer duration and This preservation technique is widely used in cryosurgery, molecular biology, ecology, food science, plant physiology, and in many medical application.

 Some other applications :

1. Gene Bank.

2. Blood transfusion.

3. In vitro fertilization.

4. Artificial insemination.

5. Storage of rare germplasm.

6. Seed Bank

Etc.,..

What are the advantages of cryopreservation?

Cryopreservation is a long-term storage technique with very low temperatures to preserve the structurally intact living cells and tissues for extended period of time at a relatively low cost. Cryopreservation is to preserve and store the viable biological samples in a frozen state over extended periods of time.

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